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Steel Hardness Converter

Convert between Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, and tensile per ASTM E140.

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Steel Hardness Converter

Convert between Rockwell C and B, Vickers, Brinell, Knoop, and Shore, with approximate tensile strength, live range validation, and a hardness scale that places common steel grades.

Measured Hardness
Approx. tensile strength
UTS (ksi)
·
UTS (MPa)
·
!Tensile is a rough correlation for carbon and alloy steel only. Never use it for stainless, non-ferrous metals, or anything safety-critical without a real tensile test.
All scales

What this converts, and what it can’t

Hardness scales measure different things (a diamond cone, a tungsten ball, a pyramid indenter) so there is no exact algebra between them. ASTM E140 publishes the statistical equivalence for one material family at a time. This tool uses Table 1, non-austenitic steel: carbon, alloy, and tool steels.

!Run austenitic stainless, aluminum, brass, copper, or cast iron through this and you get numbers that look right and are wrong. Those need their own E140 tables or mill data.

Picking the right scale to measure

Rockwell C (diamond) is for hard steel, roughly HRC 20 and up. Below that the C indenter stops biting and you switch to Rockwell B (ball). Vickers and Knoop use a microscope and suit thin sections, coatings, and case depth. The tool flags any value that falls outside the scale’s valid window.

UTS (ksi) ≈ 0.50 × HB (rough, HB ≤ ~300) UTS (MPa) = UTS(ksi) × 6.895 HRC 45 ≈ 446 HV ≈ 421 HB ≈ 208 ksi

Common questions

Can I convert stainless steel hardness with this?

No. Austenitic stainless (304, 316) work-hardens differently and does not follow the Table 1 steel curve. Using this tool for stainless can be off by several Rockwell points. ASTM E140 has separate tables, and many stainless mills publish their own correlation. Treat any cross-scale stainless conversion as an estimate at best.

How accurate is the tensile estimate?

For carbon and alloy steel it is a useful first approximation, roughly UTS in ksi equals half the Brinell number up to about 300 HB. Real tensile depends on microstructure, so the spread can be 10% or more. It is fine for sorting and sanity checks, not for certification.

Why does one value show as out of range?

Each scale has a band where its indenter gives valid readings (HRC 20 to 68, HRB 0 to 100, and so on). When your input converts to a value past another scale’s limit, that cell is grayed and flagged, because the equivalence is extrapolated and unreliable there.

What is the difference between HB and HBW?

HBW is the modern Brinell using a tungsten carbide ball; older HB or BHN often meant a steel ball, which deforms on hard material. For steel in the common range they line up, and the values here follow the 10 mm ball, 3000 kgf HBW convention.

Standard: ASTM E140 Table 1 (non-austenitic steel); SAE J417 equivalences Built by Texas Metal Works · American-made welding tables & precision fabrication, Conroe TX
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